The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. The RSC has been granted the sole and exclusive right and licence to produce, publish and further license the Images. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site.Ĭopyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. Welcome to "A Visual Interpretation of The Table of Elements", the most striking version of the periodic table on the web. Images © Murray Robertson 1999-2011 Text © The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 However forced ventilation methods largely remove the problem. Some homes in Cornwall, where the ground has high granite content, were found to contain worrying levels of radon. However it only really becomes problematic when high levels are produced in confined spaces, for example the ground floor of buildings without adequate ventilation. In fact for most UK residents, naturally occurring radon accounts for half of their annual radiation dosage. Uranium, a relatively common constituent of soils, decays to form radium, which in turn decays to produce radon. Radon emanates directly from the ground all over the world but especially in regions with high levels of granite or shale in the soil. The problem was eventually traced to his home, where the level of radon gas in his basement was found to be abnormally high. The first reports of problems associated with radon gas in domestic buildings was in the United States in 1984, when an employee at a nuclear power plant began setting off the radiation detector alarms on his way into work. Political stability of top reserve holderĪ percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply.Ī percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems.ĭata for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.Īn integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.Ītoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.ĭensity is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.Įlements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.Ī horizontal row in the periodic table. \) it is the formula unit.A vertical column in the periodic table.
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